GPT分区表格式的两种创建方式

MBR和GPT分区表的信息

MBR（Master Boot Record）

  • 分区表类型：fdisk 默认使用 MBR 分区表。
  • 最大分区数量：MBR 支持最多 4 个主分区，或者 3 个主分区加 1 个扩展分区（可以包含多个逻辑分区）。
  • 最大磁盘大小：MBR 支持的最大磁盘大小为 2TB。
  • 启动信息：MBR 在磁盘的第一个扇区中存储引导加载程序和分区表信息。

GPT（GUID Partition Table）

  • 分区表类型：parted 默认创建 GPT 分区表。 。
  • 最大分区数量： GPT 最多支持 128 个分区 。
  • 最大磁盘大小： GPT 最大支持 9.4 ZB 。
  • 启动信息：使用 UEFI 进行引导，具有冗余的分区表存储。

两种方式创建GPT分区

使用fdisk 创建GPT分区

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
# root @ debian in ~ [17:51:36] 
$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   400G  0 disk 
└─sda1   8:1    0   400G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   100G  0 disk 
sdc      8:32   0   100G  0 disk 
sdd      8:48   0   100G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1 445.7M  0 rom  
# root @ debian in ~ [17:56:34] C:130
$ fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x829a598b.

Command (m for help): m

Help:

  DOS (MBR)
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit nested BSD disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   u   change display/entry units
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table


Command (m for help): g  #默认是mbr，按g才会使用gpt
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 9324FD1A-EAE8-7E49-B548-C613E8D4D282).

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-209715166, default 2048):  # 起始扇区
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-209715166, default 209715166): 109715666 # 结束扇区

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 52.3 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.


# root @ debian in ~ [17:57:45] 
$ fdisk -l /dev/sdb   # 查看磁盘的分区信息，包括分区表
Disk /dev/sdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Disk model: Virtual disk    
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt  # 分区表是gpt
Disk identifier: 9324FD1A-EAE8-7E49-B548-C613E8D4D282

Device     Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdb1   2048 109715666 109713619 52.3G Linux filesystem

# root @ debian in ~ [17:58:10] 
$ lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE  FSVER            LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                                       
└─sda1 ext4    1.0                    f34f1c4a-fb45-4145-b526-1a9985598ea4  305.5G    17% /
sdb                                                                                       
└─sdb1                                                                                    
sdc                                                                                       
sdd                                                                                       
sr0    iso9660 Joliet Extension CDROM 2023-04-19-20-36-49-00                              

# root @ debian in ~ [17:58:20] 
$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021)
Creating filesystem with 13714202 4k blocks and 3432448 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 571028b4-f5db-4f0d-86f0-7faca53b9af9
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (65536 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:        
done

# root @ debian in ~ [17:58:41] 
$ lsblk   
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   400G  0 disk 
└─sda1   8:1    0   400G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   100G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0  52.3G  0 part 
sdc      8:32   0   100G  0 disk 
sdd      8:48   0   100G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1 445.7M  0 rom

使用parted 创建GPT分区

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
# root @ debian in ~ [19:01:58] 
$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   400G  0 disk 
└─sda1   8:1    0   400G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   100G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0  52.3G  0 part /sdb1_gpt
sdc      8:32   0   100G  0 disk 
sdd      8:48   0   100G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1 445.7M  0 rom  

# root @ debian in ~ [19:02:42] 
$ parted /dev/sdc # 进入 parted 交互模式
GNU Parted 3.4
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt # 创建 GPT 分区表
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 100%  # 创建一个新分区 primary：主分区  ext4：文件系统类型（可选，后续格式化时可以更改） 1MiB：起始位置（跳过前 1MB 以对齐） 100%：使用整个磁盘空间                               
(parted) print                                                            
  align-check TYPE N                       check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.


# root @ debian in ~ [19:09:36] 
$ partprobe /dev/sdb  # 重新加载分区表

# root @ debian in ~ [19:09:48] 
$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   400G  0 disk 
└─sda1   8:1    0   400G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   100G  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0  52.3G  0 part /sdb1_gpt
sdc      8:32   0   100G  0 disk 
└─sdc1   8:33   0   100G  0 part 
sdd      8:48   0   100G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1 445.7M  0 rom  

# root @ debian in ~ [19:09:51] 
$ lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE  FSVER            LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                                       
└─sda1 ext4    1.0                    f34f1c4a-fb45-4145-b526-1a9985598ea4  305.5G    17% /
sdb                                                                                       
└─sdb1 ext4    1.0                    571028b4-f5db-4f0d-86f0-7faca53b9af9   48.6G     0% /sdb1_gpt
sdc                                                                                       
└─sdc1                                                                                    
sdd                                                                                       
sr0    iso9660 Joliet Extension CDROM 2023-04-19-20-36-49-00
# root @ debian in ~ [19:10:29] 
$ parted /dev/sdc print # 查看磁盘的分区信息
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  107GB  107GB               primary

删除分区

使用fdisk

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
# root @ debian in ~ [19:19:10] 
$ fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): m

Help:

  GPT
   M   enter protective/hybrid MBR

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table


Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.


# root @ debian in ~ [19:19:47] 
$ lsblk -f      
NAME   FSTYPE  FSVER            LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                                       
└─sda1 ext4    1.0                    f34f1c4a-fb45-4145-b526-1a9985598ea4  305.5G    17% /
sdb                                                                                       
sdc                                                                                       
sdd                                                                                       
sr0    iso9660 Joliet Extension CDROM 2023-04-19-20-36-49-00

使用parted

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
# root @ debian in ~ [19:15:48] 
$ parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.4
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print                                                            
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  107GB  107GB               primary

(parted) help                                                             
  align-check TYPE N                       check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) rm 1                                                             
(parted) print                                                            
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags

(parted) quit                                                             
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.


# root @ debian in ~ [19:17:23] 
$ parted /dev/sdc print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 107GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags


# root @ debian in ~ [19:17:29] 
$ lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE  FSVER            LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                                       
└─sda1 ext4    1.0                    f34f1c4a-fb45-4145-b526-1a9985598ea4  305.5G    17% /
sdb                                                                                       
└─sdb1 ext4    1.0                    571028b4-f5db-4f0d-86f0-7faca53b9af9   48.6G     0% /sdb1_gpt
sdc                                                                                       
sdd                                                                                       
sr0    iso9660 Joliet Extension CDROM 2023-04-19-20-36-49-00
#linux
GPT分区表格式的两种创建方式
https://luffy997.github.io/2025/03/28/GPT分区表格式的两种创建方式/
作者
Luffy997
发布于
2025年3月28日
许可协议